Arthur is the son of Uther Pendragon and Igraine of Cornwall. Arthur's bastard son, Mordred, through his half-sister Morgause, lands a fatal blow to Arthur in his final battle. Arthur marries Guinevere and who then has a love affair with Lancelot which causes the downfall of Camelot. (5)

Shortly after his birth Arthur was taken from his parents by Merlin and placed into the care of a knight named Sir Ector. He grew up knowing Sir Ector as his father and Sir Kay as his brother, completely clueless to his true identity until the famous sword-in-the-stone scene. (7)

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King Arthur's Knights and Round Table:

There are 13 knights that make up the round table. They each have their own unique insignia. The 13 knights are Lancelot, Arthur, Gawaine, Geraint, Gareth, Galahad, Gaheris, Bors, Bedivere, Kay, Lamorak, Percivale, and Tristan, each with their own history.(2)

The Emblem of the Knights:

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This emblem was worn by the knights around their neck and given to them by King Arthur during the knighting ceremony. Each parthof the emblem represents something.

The Cross - To remind the knights that they were to live pure, stainless lives, to strive for perfection and gain the Holy Grail.
The Dragon - Represents allegiance to King Arthur'
The RoundTable- Illustrates eternity of God, equality, comradeship, and unity of the order, and singleness of purpose for all knights.(2)

King Arthur Historically

There are conflicting opinions on whether King Arthur existed as an actual historical figure or not. Some mention him as leader of the Brythonic forces and a victor in battle, and more recognized as a general than a king, but many do not believe he even existed. The only general consensus seems to be that no data has been found to either verify or refute his existence entirely, (3)

King Arthur's Battles

King Arthur fought 12 battles before the one in which he died. They were:

1. River Glein
2. River Dubglas
3. River Dubglas
4. River Dubglas
5. River Dubglas
6. River Bassas
7. Celidon Wood
8. Guinnon
9. City of the Legion
10. Tribruit
11. Mt. Agned
12. Mt. Badon (4)

Family Tree of King Arthur (Sir Thomas Malory's version) (6)

Sources:

(1) http://www.firstfoot.com/scotchmyth/images/King-Arthur-Butler-L.jpg
(2) http://www.kingarthursknights.com/knights/default.asp
(3) http://72.14.209.104/search?q=cache:5cEiP_YXcWkJ:www.britannia.com/history/historan.html+modern+king+arthur&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=3&client=opera
(4) http://www-personal.umich.edu/~merrie/Arthur/battles.html
(5) http://www.lib.rochester.edu/CAMELOT/arthmenu.htm
(6)http://www.timelessmyths.com/arthurian/housearthur.html
(7) http://www.kingarthursknights.com/others/ector.asp